The Balloon Man

By Lisa R. Cohen

I received this email recently from a friend with small children. She knew I’d written AFTER ETAN: The Missing Child Case That Held America Captive, and that my interest in the iconic, mysterious case of six-year old Etan Patz had led me to immerse myself in the issue of child safety in general:

"Dear Neighbourhood Parents,

Some of you may be aware that a creepy guy (tall, Caucasian, brown hair, early/mid-thirties) has been hanging around the playground at 110 Street (& CPW) and handing out free balloons to children for the past month or so. He's often accompanied by an older guy who stays
outside the playground area. A few weeks ago one of the playground mothers asked him to leave since he was unaccompanied by a child and he became quite confrontational. She later reported him to the police and was told not to confront him but rather to call the police if he's seen again. The guy was back to the playground that same day and the police were called and escorted him off the playground.

I was at the 110 St playground this morning, and the guy was back again!!!- with a different older man this time. He is obviously very persistent and has some sort of personal motivation to be here. He's also getting craftier - this time he set up a balloon stand right outside the gate and was handing out free balloons and chatting with the kids.I called the police and several police cars arrived soon after and talked to him and he finally left. The problem now is that he's not on the premises of the playground, nor is he selling anything so he's not really doing anything legally wrong. However his and his companion's behavior is VERY suspicious since he's not selling or promoting anything and just wants to hand out fancy balloons to young children.

They clearly want to be in the proximity of small children and want to build up some sort of a trust or friendship with kids - quite possibly to harm them. It's only going to take one situation (a parent or caregiver's head turned for a moment) and something terrible could happen to a child in our community. There is absolutely no good reason this guy should be at our playgrounds.

We need to have ZERO TOLERANCE with this guy and let him know that he's not welcome at our playground or anywhere else.

PLEASE CALL 911 if you see this guy (or his companion).

DON'T accept his balloons. He needs to realize that he's not welcome.

AND PLEASE also pass this message on to friends or parents in the neighbourhood since many people don't read this yahoo group and many people come to the playground at different times of the day and may not know this has been going on. Let's keep our neighborhood safe! Feel free to email if you want further details…."

First of all, let me hasten to say that, of course, “balloon men” are not by definition pedophiles. The ones you hire to come to your supervised birthday party, etc, have a perfectly rational, explicable reason for doing so.

But the ones who hang around children’s playgrounds handing out their artwork for free, who are asked to leave the premises by the police and return time and again, now that’s a different story. And I’m not saying they definitely are a danger to children. But I was pleased to see the level of vigilance in this email, and reminded again of the positive power of the internet as a source of information in today’s global village.

The email also gave me a chill that harkened back to the research I did on AFTER ETAN. Thirty years ago, when Etan disappeared, a “bubble man” was a fixture on the scene of Washington Square Park, where Jose Ramos, Etan’s alleged abductor, also hung out. Ramos and the “bubble man” were reputed to compete for boys. They were both soft-spoken, sociable, and befriended the kids who played there after school and on weekends.

The “bubble man” blew bubbles endlessly for the children who gleefully chased them around the park. He himself was ultimately chased to Amsterdam where he was finally arrested on charges of child molestation and extradited to the U.S., serving his sentence in a Florida prison. Jose Ramos himself didn’t blow bubbles or twist balloons into animals – he handed out toys he’d collected in his travels as a “recycler” of people’s castoffs.

In 1982, three years after Etan’s disappearance, Ramos was arrested while unzipping his fly as he huddled with three young boys on a rooftop at midnight in the Times Square area. In his wallet at the time were photos of other youngsters, one of whom posed next to his mother with the Washington Square Park arch over his shoulder.

I tracked his mother down. At first she was reluctant to reveal she knew Ramos, given what he had turned out to be. Finally, she said yes, he’d often spent time there surrounded by children, befriending them and giving out these little toys. He’d seemed like a nice enough fellow, she said, and the kids had really liked him.

That’s what pedophiles do. The groom their young victims, sometimes for weeks or months. They don’t automatically snatch them from behind a bush and spirit them away. They often target the ones who seem less attended, with few friends. Perhaps they’re from broken homes and don’t have a man in their life. Or the adults who look after them are weakened in some way, by alcohol or poverty, or other distractions. The bubble man and Jose Ramos weren’t “strangers” to avoid after a while, but solicitous figures to embrace.

At times they befriended the parents too. Ramos met his “lady friend,” as he referred to her in a police interview, on the welfare line. He learned she was a single mother with a young son. And eventually he helped care for the boy, babysitting him, taking him to the Empire State Building and the movies, inviting him on sleepovers in his West 4th St. apartment. The boy would later tell authorities that there he’d take baths with Ramos, who would then molest him. The boy was four or five at the time.

Ramos's girlfriend briefly took care of six-year old Etan Patz in the weeks before his abduction, and she was the thread that connected Jose Ramos to Etan.

I recount all this because even though I don’t think people who position themselves in children’s playgrounds and hand out trinkets should be automatically treated like monsters, I do believe they should be suspect and watched. But when a warning, much like the email above, was posted in the online talk fest of that arbiter of parental public opinion, Urban Baby, it was met by a lengthy, animated thread – some horror, some gratitude for the warning, but also some derision, including this post:

"That's a whole bucket of paranoia right there. What if the guys just want to give out balloons because they make the children smile? Geez. People."

And this one:

"That guy is not breaking any laws and the cops or the parents cannot do anything about this. I am very sure he just loves making kids happy and does not let some over-paranoid parents spoil it."

In fact, many of these playgrounds are designated by NYC Parks regulations as exclusively for the use of children, and only for adults who are accompanied by children. That’s why cops can escort a “balloon man” from the playground, but there’s little they can do outside the playground gates, where the Urban Baby poster is right - no laws are being broken.

I asked the now-retired cop who himself arrested Jose Ramos on that rooftop back in 1982 what WOULD constitute a chargeable offense. Former detective Joe Gelfand, who went on to become the senior investigator on the NYPD pedophilia squad, concurred that simply associating with children, befriending and giving them gifts, is not illegal, but said that parents should listen to, as well as watch any such interaction. It doesn’t have to be physical contact that crosses the line – even a sexually explicit conversation such an adult has with a minor is grounds for a charge of endangering the welfare of a child. In New York that carries a sentence of up to a year in prison.

Again, I understand the delicacy of the issue, but I’ve always been fond of quoting that line, “Just because you’re paranoid, doesn’t mean they’re not out to get you.”

Trace: It's the Little Things

by Andrea Campbell

Remember Locard's Exchange Principle, that whenever two objects come into contact a transfer of material will occur? Trace evidence—fibers, fabric, pet hair, paint chips and a thousand other items and artifacts can help to place the accused at a crime scene. While matching a tiny piece of evidence with its source may not be enough to link a suspect to a crime, when the pieces start to pile up it becomes more than coincidental and begins to become “conclusive” evidence. The more relevant the fibers found, the more convincing the evidence.

It is natural then, that fabrics, which are millions of fibers woven together, may provide the most compelling evidence of all. Fabric matches are much like jig-saw puzzles, the pieces must be found and reconstructed with exactness and certitude.

Hair and fiber evidence is useful in:

1. Helping to establish the scope of the crime scene
2. Placing a perpetrator at a scene
3. Connecting a suspect with a weapon
4. Supporting witness statements
5. Connecting crime scene areas (abduction, vehicle used, dump site)

Sources of Fibers

Fibers are divided into classes. There are four major types: animal fibers such as wool, vegetable fibers like cotton, asbestos is the only mineral fiber, and manmade or synthetic fibers such as polyester. Synthetic fibers make up about 75 percent of all textile fibers—there are over 1,000 different types in the United States and, consequently, they are the most common fiber investigated in the crime lab.

Tiny Details

As with other types of evidence, trace evidence is kept separate in a file or box, documented with the date and time, the name of person collecting it, a description, a case number for filing, and a sketch or photograph of where it came from. The chain of custody—a list of every person who touched it—is maintained for each item, no matter how small. Since evidence in this category can be wee stuff, preventing contamination and loss is a must, and trace evidence is usually collected before other examinations.

Finding the objects begins with a general look-see, but different types of alternate light sources such as UV, laser, and high intensity lamps may be needed.

The Little Things

A single thread is a fiber made up of tiny filaments. When fibers rub together, they leave fragments of themselves on each other and everything around it. As evidence, we could call hairs and fibers evidentiary minutiae because some particles can best be seen through a microscope.

Where Fibers are Found

Hairs and fibers can be found in the most remarkable of places but generally come from clothing, drapery, wigs, carpeting, furniture and blankets. Because fibers are transferred in such large numbers, they are much more likely to be found at a crime scene and are more likely to have a common origin. For example, a wool thread caught on a window sill at a crime scene could be matched to a pulled thread on the sweater found at the suspect’s house. However, it is actually quite common to find them in the barrel of guns! They get in there through a phenomenon called "blowback". The blast of a gun produces a vacuum in the wake of a wave of high-velocity gases. This negative phase creates a vacuum, which sucks up things in close proximity such as hair or fibers.

In 1982, a girl named Kristen Lea Harrison was abducted from a ball field in Ohio and her body was found six days later thirty miles away. She had been raped and strangled. Investigators found orange fibers in her hair that looked similar to those found on a twelve-year old murder victim eight months earlier in the same county. Some time later, a 28-year old woman was abducted and held prisoner in a man’s home. He tortured her and she was afraid for her life. After he left, she escaped and reported him. Police found a van with orange carpeting and scientists traced it back to Robert Anthony Buell. Other evidence helped to establish a more solid link and Buell was eventually convicted.

Fiber and Hair Collection

Fibers are collected in several different ways.

Picking. If visible to the eye, items can be picked up with tweezers or a section can be cut out and put into paper packets or petri dishes.

Lifting. Sometimes trace evidence is collected by taking wide cellophane tape and rolling it over the suspected area. The collected lifts are typically placed on a transparent backing such as clear plastic sheeting, easy for viewing under a microscope.

Vacuuming. Often, car seats, floorboards, and trunk space are vacuumed for fiber particles when there is a suspected abduction or when probable cause indicates the transportation of a murder victim or some illegal product. (*Note: some jurisdictions no longer use a vacuum.)

Scraping. Trace evidence scraped from clothing onto clean paper with a spatula or similar tool is used to dislodge certain items. This technique is most often conducted within the laboratory in a controlled environment that reduces the risk of contamination.

Combing. A clean comb or brush is used to recover trace evidence from the hair of an individual. The combing device and collected debris from the hair should be packaged together.

Clipping. Trace evidence can be recovered from fingernails by nail clipping, scraping or both.
Commonly, fingernails from the right and left hands are packaged separately.

Pieces of fabric found at the scene can be examined in a manner similar to fibers to determine color, type of cloth and fiber, thread count, direction of fiber twist and dye. When fabrics are torn or cut apart, the ends can be matched physically to another piece. In hit-and-run cases, pieces of the victim’s clothing are often found on the grill, the car’s fender or door handle.

Analysis of Fibers

Experienced examiners must have a good eye for comparison. At times they look at literally hundreds to thousands of hairs and fibers under a comparison microscope and from these weed out the few matches. Special microscopes found in some labs can magnify particles found at a crime scene by as much as 200,000 times. Sophisticated machines and new procedures help scientists identify chemicals found in complex mixtures.

To begin, fibers are first determined to be natural, manufactured, or a mix of both. Then analysts compare shape, dye content, size chemical composition and microscopic appearances. A phase-contrast microscope reve