Showing posts with label Frederick Johnson. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Frederick Johnson. Show all posts

Thursday, October 2, 2008

DNA Technology

by Connie Park

The days of “good old-fashion” detective work just got better! The advancement of technology in DNA testing has proven to be a powerful investigative tool for law enforcement and it has become an established part of criminal justice procedure. DNA testing has been utilized in identifying suspects of violent crimes, missing persons, and to exonerate innocent people who have been falsely convicted. There were more than 17,000 cases involving DNA evidence last year in the United States. DNA test results are common today in courtrooms due to reliability of the tests.

DNA testing allows the application of science to law. DNA is the chemical deoxyribonucleic acid, which stores the genetic code of each individual person. With the exception of identical twins, each person’s DNA sequence is unique. In addition to blood and semen, substances such as saliva, teeth, and bones can be sources of DNA. The listed biological evidence contains white blood cells where DNA is found. It allows us to analyze “invisible” evidence collected at crime scenes such as perspiration on a suspect’s clothing, skin cells on a ligature, saliva on a drinking glass or cigarette butts.

After a DNA profile has been developed, the profile is entered into the CODIS system (Combined DNA Index System), which is a national databank. CODIS is a computer network that connects forensic DNA labs at the local, state, and national levels. CODIS will alert the system whether or not there is a match of that DNA profile in the databank. In 2000, the DNA Backlog Elimination Act required the majority of all States to collect and test DNA of defendants convicted of homicide and sexual assaults.

DNA testing has transformed the way we solve crime and handle criminal investigations, but just as importantly, it allows no room for any errors. It has helped in solving many difficult cases and has discredited eyewitnesses' statements and physical evidence recovered at crime scenes. Through the use of DNA technology and DNA databanks, homicide cases from more than 25 years ago have been cleared. Investigators are able to request DNA testing on biological evidence where testing was not performed or was unsuccessful in years passed. In addition, DNA technology allows to test old, unpreserved, and microscopic bits of substance that could result in an accurate DNA reading.

In 1984, a 14-year-old female was found in an abandoned building sexually assaulted, strangled, and bound. A suspect was developed during the investigation but investigators were not able to file charges. In addition to an eyewitess's statements, the complainant was last seen alive with the suspect. Due to DNA technological advancements, biological evidence was tested and a suspect was identified and charged. Frederick Johnson was charged with capital murder and is awaiting trial.

Kerry Max Cook, author of Chasing Justice and a guest contributor at Women In Crime Ink, was charged with sexually assaulting and murdering Linda Jo Edwards. After 22 years in prison falsely convicted, Kerry was exonerated by DNA testing that identified James Mayfield as the real killer.

DNA technology couldn't have come soon enough.


Monday, April 14, 2008

Body of Evidence

by Connie Park

Homicide investigators realize it just takes seconds to dramatically change someone’s life. But you’d never think a teenager’s life would end that one day she decided to miss school with her friends. That one day changed not only the teenager’s life, but the lives of many. In fact, it had an impact on one particular homicide investigator for over two decades.

While in homicide, I’ve had the opportunity to work with several of the best homicide investigators in the nation. Their combined experience adds up to over 1000 years in the Homicide Division alone. I guess I’m dating their ages, but we won’t tell them that. Sgt. John Burmester was a coworker of mine when I first began working in homicide. He worked for the
Houston Police Department for thirty-one years, a quarter century in homicide. Burm retired back in 2003 and currently is loving retirement.

I joined
HPD’s Cold Case Squad in 2006. Eager to start working on cases, I called Burmester one day. I asked him if there were any cases that were unsolved, cases he’d like me to look into. Without hesitation, Burm told me the story of Sharon Darnell, a 14-year-old girl who was violently murdered and found in an abandoned apartment building. He gave me the case number, the date, and the location without consulting a file. That was amazing to me--that he recalled all the detailed information after twenty-three years. Every investigator has those certain cases that really stand out and have a dramatic impact.

On February 7, 1984, Sharon Darnell was on her way to school in southeast Houston. She was just a freshman and looking forward to her high school years. That day Sharon and a few friends decided to skip school and go over their friend’s house. They’d stayed a couple of hours watching television and playing video games. It was time to go home and Sharon and her friends started walking back to their apartment complex. Frederick Johnson, 23, told Sharon he’d walk her through the empty field to make sure she got to her apartment safely. That was the last time Sharon’s friends saw her alive.

A few hours later, two kids walking back from school found a girl’s body in an abandoned building. They saw that she was dead, possibly strangled. Police were called out to the location and learned that the dead girl was Sharon Darnell. She had been sexually assaulted and brutally murdered. She was found lying on the floor nude, her throat slashed from ear to ear, and her hands bound together.

Original investigators that made the scene were J. G. Burmester and S. P. Ward. They processed the crime scene along with Crime Scene Unit Officer Tony Blando. They set to work, collecting physical evidence from both the crime scene and the victim’s body. The evidence from Sharon's body was the key to solving this case. Frederick Johnson (pictured above) was listed as a suspect, but he was released due to lack of evidence. With no other suspects, the case went nowhere.

Fast forward twenty-three years to 2007. The evidence from this case that the investigators collected back in 1984 was sent out to an independent lab in Dallas. The test came back with a male DNA profile that matched that of Frederick Johnson’s. Johnson’s DNA profile was stored in
CODIS, a national DNA databank. DNA testing and technology have advanced so much over the years. The results were astounding. MiniSTR testing is one of the new advancements in DNA technology where information can be recovered from degraded DNA evidence, as in this case. Johnson was already serving a life sentence in a Texas prison unit for two counts of aggravated sexual assault of a juvenile. Surprised? The worst part about it was that without the murder charge in 2007, Johnson would have been was eligible for parole in 2009. Frederick Johnson was charged with capital murder for sexually assaulting and killing Sharon Darnell. He is awaiting trial in the Harris County District Court.

We informed Burmester and Ward of the results of the new DNA testing and the charges filed against Frederick Johnson. When I called Burm on the phone, he was excited the case was solved and that it will bring some peace to Sharon’s family. He wanted to give us the credit for solving the case but Burm is the one who never forgot about Sharon. He never forgot that day Sharon’s life ended and the impact it had on so many lives. Ironically enough, Sharon would be thirty-eight today, my same age.